G. Bhanu Prasad, Ramya Sri K. and Kandukuri Seshagiri Rao |
Computer Science and Engg., Malla Reddy Engineering College for Women, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
Abstract
Biometric-based technologies have become a trusted method of human identification and verification because of their uniqueness, universality, and resistance to replication or forgery. Traditional 2D biometric modalities like fingerprints, face and iris recognition techniques inherently do not perform satisfactorily, given the limitations with regard to accuracy and robustness
under changes in illumination, pose and environmental conditions. Recently, 3D biometric traits have been being researched increasingly as they quantify and offer more rich and usable structural information along with greater resilience to spoofing attacks. We survey 3D face,
fingerprint, ear, hand geometry, iris and gait biometric modalities. We summarize the acquisition approaches, feature extraction methods, matching strategies and challenges associated with different modalities. We also review the applications, examine and compare in their performance and limitations in computation and technology dependability with the modalities we consider. Finally, we describe open research directions and future opportunities, indicating the role of 3D biometric approaches which offer more secure, accurate, and effective human identification systems.
Keywords: 3D biometrics, Face recognition, Human identification, Multimodal authentication, Security
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