Department of Biotechnology, Era University, Hardoi Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Abstract
The human body has close to about 200 different types of cells. Morphologically, and physiologically they are different. A perusal of literature shows that there are over 200 different types of cancers. These cancers are classified by the part of the body where they begin, and the type of cells they start in. It is therefore logical to infer that every single type of cell is prone to cancer. Once a cell becomes cancerous, it loses its Genetical, physical, physiological, immunological and morphological integrities. Each type of cancer has its own name and treatment. Common types of cancer are Bladder, Breast, Colorectal, Kidney, Lung, Lymphoma, Pancreatic, Prostate, Skin and uterine cancers. A major “burning question” in cancer research is “why do some people develop cancer while others with similar risk factors do not”. This essentially boils down to understanding the complex interplay of genetics, environment, and lifestyle factors. These factors determine who gets cancer and who doesn’t, even with similar exposures. About 5–10% of cancers are hereditary, meaning that they are caused by an inherited gene mutation. Thus, the risk of developing cancer is higher for people with inherited gene mutations. Several Cancers that have genetic basis include Breast, Bowel, Stomach and Prostate cancer besides Retinoblastoma in children. When the same types of cancers run in families, these are called comfamilial cancer. In this paper, we discuss nuances of cancers and their correlation with different factors including lifestyle, food habits and environment. With this background, we present a Conceptual Framework of Cancer Prognosis Involving NGS Based DNA Fingerprinting. Such technical infusion is envisaged to uncover answers to a large number of questions facilitating not only prognosis but also deeper understanding of the aetiology of cancer and search for their likely remedial measures.
Keywords: Cancer, Cell types, Common cancer genes, DNA fingerprinting, Familial cancer, NGS sequencing.
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