Zero Knowledge Proof: An Overview

Abstract

Zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs) enable the validation of knowledge without revealing the underlying information, revolutionizing the way data is collected, utilized, and shared. In a ZKP transaction, a “prover” attempts to convince a “verifier” of the validity of a statement without disclosing the actual data or the method used. The prover proves their capability to solve a problem by presenting the result without exposing the input or process. This paper explores zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs), their various types and classifications, and their research areas. It also delves into the challenges and limitations faced when applying zero-knowledge techniques for privacy protection and authentication across different scenarios. Additionally, this paper also discussed the differences between interactive zero-knowledge (IZK) and non-interactive zero-knowledge (NIZK) proofs, highlighting their respective advantages and applications as well as the challenges for ZKP, such as computational complexity and hardware requirements, are also examined, along with their integration in secure digital identity management and verifiable anonymous voting systems.

Keywords: Application, Challenges, IZK, NIZK, Prover, Verifier, Zero knowledge proof, ZKP.

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