The Normative Perspective of Women Involvement in Managing Enterprises: A Study on Punjab

Abstract

Awareness of entrepreneurship opportunities among women are rising and women-centric businesses are becoming significant in national economies, especially in emerging countries. Women contribute substantially to economic growth, yet a wide gender gap persists at international, national and state levels. The essence of women entrepreneurship lies in the level of women’s active involvement in managing their businesses. A ten-dimension index was created to quantitatively analyse the involvement among women managing MSMEs in Punjab. Among 204 respondents, 111 were classified as less involved, with below-average Entrepreneurial Involvement Index (EII), while 93 were highly involved, with above-average EII. The t values are computed to find out the significant difference between the two groups of women entrepreneurs. In recent years, the promotion of women entrepreneurs has become a key focus for academics, policymakers and support agencies. The analysis can further be used to enhance the implementation of programmes designed for entrepreneurial development, particularly among women. This targeted approach will ensure more effective support and empowerment for women entrepreneurs, fostering greater participation and success in various sectors.

Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Women Entrepre-neurs, Entrepreneurial Involvement

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