Abstract
In the present era, the fundamental need of the organisations is responsiveness to the business environment and attaining efficiency for competitive advantage. Empowering women can help organisations develop to their full capacity. Yet women experience barriers that hinder their career progression in managerial hierarchy within the organisations. Though, education is traditionally a female job sector, the scenario is quite different in private universities where a glass ceiling still exists for women when it comes to promotion or assigning a challenging task. The present empirical study aims at validating the measurement model of glass ceiling, identifying the change in the level of glass ceiling in the Indian society, particularly the private universities, and examining the effect of age, education, position, and income on the perceptions of female faculties of private universities. A sample of fifty female faculty members working at a private university in Punjab, Punjab was studied using questionnaires. The findings of the study highlight that the level of glass ceiling for women still continues to exist in
the modern Indian society. Further, age, education, position, and income were found to make no difference in the perceptions of the female staff
members regarding predominance of glass ceiling. The results of the study would provide a step towards the new perspective on understanding women empowerment and glass ceiling within private universities. Additionally, the managerial implications would help the academicians and practitioners in understanding the issue of glass ceiling in Indian context and thus, eradicating it completely.
Keywords: Glass Ceiling, Women Empowerment, Gender Discrimination, Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Measurement Model
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