A Comprehensive Review on Biomolecular Modifications Associated with Coronaviruses
Published: 2022
Author(s) Name: Indu Sharma, Jaya Rana, Vikas Sharma, Anshul Singh, Arun Kumar and Sandeep Kumar |
Author(s) Affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Abstract
Coronaviruses are enveloped RNA viruses having wide range of applications in pharmaceuticals, medical and biomedical fields. The finding of a recently discovered coronavirus as the root of severe acute respiratory syndrome has increased attentiveness in this viral family during the previous years (SARS). From 2019 to 2022, world has suffered with a serious issue and every stage of people has been affected. In March 2020, WHO announced corona virus as a disease also called COVID-19. At the molecular level, coronaviruses employ a variety of novel methods to carry out a sophisticated system of expression of genes. Coronavirus replication depends on ribosomal frameshifting during genomic translating steps, the synthesis of multiple subgenomic RNA species, and the assembly of virus replication by a method exclusive to encapsulated RNA viruses. According to experimental research, SARS-CoV-2 has a genomic sequence that is 96.2% identical to a bat CoV RaTG13 and 79.5% identical to SARS-CoV. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has undergone various mutations during its Global Circulation. This comprehensive review contains the summary of detailed biomolecular modification related to its different variants. SARS-CoV-2 variants are differentiated into 3 class based on their risk analysis: VOI (Variants of interest), Variants of high consequences and VOC (Variants of public health importance or concern). Such variants with different genetic modifications have been directly related to mortality, morbidity rate and severity as well.
Keywords: Biomolecular modifications, Coronavirus, Disease, SARS-CoV, Variants.
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