Nuances of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and Putative Remedial Measures

Abstract

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a progressive condition where the kidney becomes damaged and loses its ability to filter blood and waste, leading to a buildup of toxins. This complex organ has intrinsic protective mechanisms that ensure systemic homeostasis in varying physiological and pathological conditions. Loss of these functions can lead to gradual loss of renal function, ending up in chronic kidney disease (CKD) which is a worldwide health problem. The gradual and usually irreversible reduction of glomerular filtration rate advances to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) if not addressed in a timely manner. CKD is almost always accompanied by other etiological factors like diabetes mellitus, hypertension, glomerulonephritis, polycystic kidney disease, obstructive nephropathy, infections, and drug-induced toxicity, all of these resulting in its progression. Owing to its multifactorial etiology, prevention and treatment measures need to be multidimensional. Foremost are the early detection, dietary and lifestyle changes, ideal pharmacologic treatment, and the use of nephroprotective foods, fruits, and herbal supplements having antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and reno-protective effects. This article emphasizes the subtleties of CKD pathogenesis and presents a survey of evidence-based remedial interventions in an attempt to reduce progression and preserve renal function.

Keywords: Chronic kidney disease, Etiology, Herbal medicine, Lifestyle intervention, Nephroprotection.

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