Optogenetics - Treatment of Parkinson Disease and Challenges Ahead
Published: 2024
Author(s) Name: Bhagyashree Dubey and Yogesh Tripathi |
Author(s) Affiliation: Under Graduate Medical Student, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Abstract
Optogenetic tools such as photosensitive opsins and LEDs are used for attaining spatial and temporal precision in neurons to study many neurodegenerative disorders, particularly Parkinson Disease (PD). This novel light-based technology has been reported in studying basal ganglia to understand the direct and indirect pathways. The role of optogenetics in unveiling the molecular basis of PD: a-synuclein aggregation and its association with the loss of dopaminergic neurons is also highlighted. The very frequently used 6-OHDA model has also been manipulated optogenetically to study the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons. Optical stimulation of neurons at high frequencies has been observed to be helpful in the amelioration of PD motor symptoms such as Bradykinesia and Hypokinesia. PD treatment methods such as Deep Brain stimulation and Levodopa treatment have also been optogenetically modulated by many researchers to understand the basal ganglia circuitry revealing the inner mechanism of PD.
Keywords: Deep brain stimulation, Parkinson disease, Opsins, Optogenetics.
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